📅 2026 Update: Changes in U.S. Gun Law and Purchasing Procedures

Since the original article was published, there have been important updates regarding U.S. gun laws and the processes for purchasing firearms. Notably, some states have introduced new regulations that affect waiting periods and fees. The earlier article continues below, providing foundational knowledge on gun laws and purchasing.

⚖️ Federal Legislation

As of October 2026, there have been no major changes to federal laws regarding the Second Amendment or firearm purchases. This means the federal framework for buying guns remains the same as it was in the past.

🏛️ State Legislation Changes

Several states have made adjustments to their gun laws. For example, California now has a mandatory 10-day waiting period for all firearm purchases, including private sales. These changes can significantly impact how quickly individuals can obtain firearms.

💰 Background Check Fees

The FBI's National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) does not charge for background checks. However, some states have started to impose fees. In Pennsylvania, a $5 fee was introduced in 2024 for checks conducted through NICS.

📝 Processing Times

Background checks through NICS typically take minutes but may be delayed, extending the process up to three business days. For concealed carry permits, Texas has an average processing time of about 60 days as of 2026.

📜 Eligibility Rules

The eligibility rules for purchasing firearms remain strict. Buyers must be at least 18 for long guns and 21 for handguns. Individuals with felony convictions, restraining orders, or certain mental health issues are generally prohibited from purchasing firearms.

📌 Key Updates

  • ⚖️ No significant federal changes to gun laws.
  • 🏛️ California's 10-day waiting period for purchases.
  • 💰 Pennsylvania's $5 fee for background checks.
  • 📝 Texas's average processing time for concealed carry permits is 60 days.
  • 📜 Eligibility rules continue to restrict certain individuals from purchasing firearms.

💡 Tips for Buying Firearms

Review the details of your own situation with your attorney. Understanding the rules and regulations can help make the purchasing process smoother.

🏷️ Know the Waiting Periods

Be aware of any waiting periods that apply in your state, especially if you're purchasing in California, which has a 10-day wait for all firearm purchases. This can affect when you can take possession of your firearm.

🔍 Check Background Fees

Investigate if your state charges fees for background checks. States like Pennsylvania have implemented a $5 fee, so factor this into your overall costs when purchasing.

📑 Complete Necessary Forms

Ensure you complete the required forms accurately. Federal purchases require ATF Form 4473, while states like New York may require additional forms such as State Police Form 4473A for handguns.

📅 Plan for Processing Times

Consider the average processing times for background checks and permits in your state. In Texas, for example, it can take around 60 days for concealed carry permits to be processed.

🚫 Understand Eligibility Rules

Be familiar with eligibility rules that may affect your ability to purchase firearms. If you have a felony conviction or certain mental health conditions, you may be prohibited from buying a gun.

🏆 Top Services for Buying Firearms Ranked by User Reviews (2026)

Various online platforms provide services related to firearm purchases. These platforms cater to different buyer needs, such as auctions, direct sales, and accessories. The following rankings are based on Trustpilot data as of October 2026.

Remember that star ratings can fluctuate, and feedback varies among users.

🥇 1. GunBroker.com

GunBroker.com has been rated 4.6. It is known for its online firearm auctions and marketplace. Users often appreciate the variety of firearms available but should note that auction fees and seller reliability can vary.

🥈 2. Guns.com

Guns.com holds a 3.7 rating. This platform is recognized for online firearm sales, accessories, and hunting supplies. While users may find a wide range of products, some have reported stock discrepancies and order fulfillment errors.

🆓 Free Resources for Gun Buyers

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) offers guides on firearm laws and purchasing procedures. The National Rifle Association's Institute for Legislative Action also provides state-by-state guides to help buyers understand local requirements.

🔎 What to Compare When Choosing a Firearm Service

  • 📅 Processing times for orders and background checks.
  • 💰 Fees associated with purchases and background checks.
  • 📝 Variety of firearms and accessories available.
  • ⚖️ Compliance with local and federal laws.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

❓ What is the minimum age to purchase firearms?

Federal law prohibits purchasing long guns for anyone under 18 and handguns for anyone under 21. Some states may have stricter age requirements.

🔍 Is there a federal waiting period for gun purchases?

Currently, there is no federal waiting period for gun purchases. However, some states, like California, impose their own waiting periods.

📜 What forms do I need to fill out to purchase a firearm?

Buyers must complete ATF Form 4473 for federal purchases. Some states may require additional forms, such as the State Police Form 4473A in New York.

💵 Are there fees for background checks?

The federal background check through NICS is free, but some states, like Pennsylvania, charge a fee. In Pennsylvania, this fee is $5.

⚖️ What disqualifies someone from purchasing a firearm?

Individuals with felony convictions, active restraining orders, or certain mental health conditions are generally prohibited from purchasing firearms.

🏦 Do I need firearm insurance?

While not required in all states, firearm insurance can cover theft or damage. Some states may require liability insurance for firearm owners.

⚖️ Recent Cases Related to Gun Laws

Recent court rulings have continued to shape the landscape of gun laws and purchasing procedures in the U.S. These cases may impact existing regulations and interpretation of the Second Amendment.

For more information, you can browse more rulings on the news page.

End of October 2026 Update





Purchasing Guns Background

The act of purchasing firearms has long been a controversial issue in America. With two sides present (those who want more gun rights, and those who want more restrictions) America has taken a stance to regulate the purchases of handguns and machine guns on a federal level, while widely adopting a casual stance towards the purchase of hunting firearms.

Retail gun dealers are regulated under federal law, and cannot sell a firearm to any prospective buyer who can potentially pose a threat to society. Machine guns have widely been banned through the National Firearms Act of 1934 and require a special permit authorized only by the US Treasury Department.

Complexities arise in handgun laws because they are narrowly regulated on a local level. Each state has its own unique interpretation of handgun laws, which are enforced at all gun shops. The Brady Bill which was passed in 1994, is a Federal law that requires a background check and waiting period for all purchases of handguns. Laws pertaining to the purchase of firearms has been difficult to enforce due to an assortment of loopholes present in private transactions and the secondary markets.

What You Should Know About Purchasing Guns



Specific Laws

Specific laws regarding the purchase of firearms must be split into two groups-Federal laws and State laws. Federal regulations revolve around a prospective buyers disposition and whether or not he "poses a threat to society." Common impediments for the purchase of a firearm are-convicted felon, fugitive, mental illness, or addiction to a stimulant.

In addition, Federal law states that no individual can purchase a handgun under the age of 21 or a rifle under the age of 18. Federal regulation is also present for distributors and sellers of firearms. All gun dealers must possess a FFL (federal firearms license) in order to sell firearms to individuals from outside states. The complexity and descriptive nature of gun laws is found at the local level. Each state possesses its own unique constitution which enforces its particular gun laws.

Because America has a lenient stance on gun laws when compared to other developed nations, the median interpretation for a states gun laws is as follows-no permit is required to purchase, a license of ownership is not necessary, nor is registration, however a permit is required to conceal a loaded handgun. A casual stance indeed, however, there are many states that do have a strict attitude towards guns and indeed require permits for purchase and a license for ownership. Examples of states with stringent gun control-New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, and California.    



State Variations

Each state has its own unique interpretation and enforcement method in regards to gun laws. Based on the Brady Scorecard (a scoring system to judge the strength of a state's gun laws) more stringent gun control laws will be found in the Northeast, and West Coast, while regions such as the deep South, Midwest, and great plains will have possess a more casual stance.

Generally speaking, an individual will experience less red tape and fewer restrictions when purchasing a firearm in a conservative state as oppose to a liberal one. This statement can be somewhat justified when looking at which states require permits for purchase.

Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, and North Carolina. Complexities arise in state laws because of constant variation and a series of contradictory practices present in particular state's constitutions. For instance, law enforcement in Arizona will recognize a permit to carry from Nevada, but Nevada won't recognize a permit to carry from Arizona. Understanding your particular state's gun laws is necessary to avoid a serious conflict. 



Purchasing Gun Parts

Like the laws regulating the purchasing of firearms, the obtainment of gun parts must follow a federal and local legal code. The accessory most rigidly governed by federal law is ammunition. The most basic restriction is that convicted felons, habitual drug or alcohol users, illegal aliens, or individuals subject to domestic violence are not permitted to purchase or transfer ammunition of any kind.

Federal law also restrict the sale of long gun ammunition to anyone under the age of 18, and handgun ammunition to anyone under the age of 21. Accessories and gun parts are also regulated under local law, and subject to variation based on state. Only two states (Illinois and Massachusetts) require a permit to purchase ammunition, however, many states do impose a restriction on armor piercing ammunition, purchases made in bulk, and magazine size.

Gun Parts, such as silencers, assault rifle additions, scopes, and laser guides are all placed under the umbrella of Federal law, and require specific licensing. Although similar to the structure of gun laws, gun parts and accessories are more closely governed by the federal government. 



Online Purchasing



Like most purchases made online, a gun transaction over the internet awards a buyer with numerous intangible benefits. A consumer is given more options in terms of selection, and purchasing techniques.

The price of guns purchased online is significantly lower as a consumer will be given the opportunity to compete in auctions or to purchase used guns. Although a frightening prospect, gun purchases made online are regulated by federal law and are considered secure and legitimate. In order for a firearm to be purchased over the internet the following process must be met-all guns purchased online must be shipped only to a holder of a Federal Firearms License.

The firearm is not shipped to the consumers house, but instead, to the closest licensed gun dealer in the buyer's area. Once the gun is shipped, the consumer must present and fulfill his local state's requirements in regards to permits or licenses for the purchase to be finalized.